Defiance of Gender-Based Work Ethics in Bartleby and The Yellow Wallpap

Defiance of Gender-Based Work Ethics in Bartleby and The Yellow Wallpaper  Ã‚     Ã‚   The issue of gender was an influential factor for writers in the 19th century, as Herman Melville and Charlotte Perkins Gilman explore in their pieces. In "Bartleby," for instance, Herman Melville presents Bartleby as an employed scrivener-his service to the narrator is in the form of copying documents. This form of labor is appropriate for Bartleby according to 19th century society, which supported and approved of the male professional writer. However, he refuses this duty, and through his "I-would-prefer-not-to" statements, he challenges the standards held to him by society, reinforcing his individualism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  On the other hand, in "The Yellow Wallpaper," the female narrator is expected and ordered not to work-not to write-by her family and, in turn, by her society. But just as Bartleby refuses the expectations set upon him, so does "Wallpaper's" narrator. This reverses "Bartleby's" situation-culture does not want her to write, but she does so anyway. According to this presentation by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the 19th century female writer is suppressed and discouraged by the males of the era-an idea further supported by Richard Polwhele's poem "The Unsex'd Females." In his piece, Polwhele denounces the female writer and criticizes her advancement in the literary world. Therefore, although both Bartleby and "Wallpaper's" narrator have labor standards to live with, through their defiance of these 19th century ethics, they present themselves as individuals through the work of writing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  In the case of "Bartleby," many examples imply the acceptance of writing as a male profession. Firstly, all of the people in the office are men. "At the... ...accepted and encouraged work. On the other hand, the female writer in "The Yellow Wallpaper" individualizes herself by working when she is not supposed to be, and by being the alleged unnatural woman that Polwhele describes. She defies what is socially acceptable and chooses to express herself through writing. The end result is the same-both characters grow as individuals through their social dissent.    Works Cited Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. "The Yellow Wallpaper and Other Stories." New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1997. Melville, Herman. "Bartleby and Benito Cereno." New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1990. Polwhele, Richard. â€Å"The Unsex’d Females.† Women of the Romantic Period. 27 April 2001 <http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~worp/worp.html>. "Hysteric." Webster's New World Dictionary. 3rd College ed. New York: Prentice Hall, 1994