How freely do women and men communicate publicly in Muslim communities Essay

Islam is a religion that one actually perceives of being strict and harsh maybe because people are not well affiliated or aware of its teachings or because they misinterpret what the religion actually means. Islam on the other hand is one religion that is the most adaptable to all the situations that occur in any era. Its teachings can be universally accepted and adopted. It’s fair and totally unbiased when it comes to any gender. It’s a religion that is very easy to understand and follow and not strict and complex if understood properly. It does consist of principles that one find really hard to adapt to in today’s world but then those principles if adopted can prove to be of well being of a human himself. (Esposito, 2002). The Muslim culture provides women the most prominent place in the society. Women enjoy equal rights and privileges and are no way inferior to men. The rights and responsibilities are equal but not identical since men and women are both created differently. The Islamic culture does restrict women to stay reserved but that does not mean at all that it restricts women to communicate with men at all especially when it’s necessary. Public communication is not at all prohibited for a men and women in Islam, it just disregards men and a women meeting alone. It just believes in women to ensure their dignity and keep themselves protected and secured against disgraceful conditions and circumstances because in Islam a women is considered highly sacred and dignified and this doesn’t weaken a women or makes her inferior rather it gives her a special position in the society and makes her more strong and respectable and also safeguards her integrity and honor. Social priorities Socially a woman is not considered the bread earner for the family and therefore is not responsible for earning to meet the finances of the family. She is responsible to take care of the house and therefore is more preferred to stay in the house and look after the family rather than going out and exposing herself but if a woman herself wants to contribute in the earnings of the family then it is not at all disregarded by the Muslim culture as long as her honor and dignity stays protected. If we take the example of Hazrat Khadija, the first wife of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) we can see that she was the most prominent trader in Arab that time, she worked with prophet and therefore there is no specific evidence that says that she has no communication or negotiation with men publicly. Similarly Hazrat Ayesha also is another example of a working lady who used to interact with men for conveying and transmitting the prophet’s message. (Esposito, 2008) . In many other strict Muslim states like Saudi Arabia, Iran etc, Muslim women are not all preferred and liked to work and to earn. Neither are they allowed to even communicate with men who they are not related to publicly and if found doing so are punished for their act. Segregation is done everywhere is weddings, public seminars etc. Even schools are segregated and girls and boys are not allowed to study together. This clearly states that Muslim men and women are not free to communicate publicly and therefore enjoys no interaction between the two genders. Situation in which communication occurs Communication only occurs in cases like if the men and the women knows each other or have a direct relation with each other. If we take a look on what the religion has to say then communication between a men and a women is not wrong publicly, as in communication and interaction is only prohibited when a men and a women are all alone together. Seclusion is prohibited but in the case of the presence of any third person, it is permissible as long as u communicate modestly and with a pure heart, still in many Muslim countries communication even publicly is not allowed at all. They think it’s indecent in immodest for a men and women to interact. Communication before marriages is even not considered that good but still in many Muslim states and cultures communication does take place between men and women before marriages in the presence of elders or other people of the family. Schools and universities are even segregated mostly in Muslim states, therefore there is no communication among girls and boys as school is the main source of communication among youth. What does Islam say about men and women interaction? The Quran (holy book of the Muslims) defines important and necessary elements of all the existing relationships between all the people. It includes respect, tolerance, kindness, self-restraint, honesty, patience, compassion and forgiveness. Such aspects apply between all the relationships let it be parents and children, neighbors, spouses, friends or work partners, regardless of any gender. Even Islam elaborates on what kind of relationship it finds acceptable between men and women, meaning that it does not totally opposes any interaction between them as long as it crosses the limits or boundaries set by the religion that includes physical contact or any immodest action, yet many scholars still does not allow any sort of communication between the two genders. Social Interactions In some Muslim communities, social contact or interaction among men and women, who are not directly related to one another is forbidden and therefore has resulted in segregated recreational places, schools, universities, government offices and businesses and therefore it totally restricts women from any position of power or control. The oppression or domination of women is mainly due to the restrictions on social communication and interactions making the leadership in government not provide basic human rights and liberty . If we talk in general terms, then most of the Muslims have usually adopted such segregation and separation haunted by the fear and thought that allowing social interaction and communication among men and women will result in illegal sexual behavior and physical contact. However as mentioned earlier there is fairly very less or no evidence to support that Islam discourages or totally prohibits social contact or interaction between men and women who are unrelated. These are just the man made values and rules or basically we can say the cultural values that have been followed since ages and have remain unchanged for protecting people against the wrong deeds or any such wrong or immodest behavior that may result in ruining the dignity or character of a person but still the option of complete avoidance in between the opposite gender is considered very unacceptable and impractical for many sensible people and is not a necessary or important element of Islamic social behavior. (Sardar, 2007) Sex segregation in different Muslim communities:- It varies throughout in different Muslim communities. In some communities it’s strict and harsh as compared to others where it is a bit practical and understandable. Let’s take a look in some of the communities and how this issue is dealt there. Afghanistan: Due to Taliban’s leadership in Afghanistan there is a very strict sex segregated system that does not allow women and men to contact in public at all and women even do not enjoy equal opportunities of education or employment. Iran: In Iran Ruhollah Khomeini only favors single- sex schools and strictly discourages women teaching in boy’s school and men teaching in girl’s school. Also public places like cafes, restaurants, schools, libraries, swimming pools, beaches, shopping malls and sport halls are also legally segregated. It was ordered and announced that all the business halls, marriage halls, political meetings and even conference halls should consist of separate sections. Men and women are even ordered to form separate queues. In cinemas and restaurants specially there is always a section labeled as â€Å"only for females†. Women are required to wear a hijab and cover themselves completely. Only the showing of eyes is allowed and a women if found not covered properly given 74 lashes in punishment. Men and women are not even allowed to travel in the same busses or other means of public transports. There are few busses that have separate section for women and men are not even allowed to stand beside them. Saudi Arabia In Saudi Arab sex segregation is even seen in hospitals and health care centers. A female patient is not permissible to be treated by a male doctor unless there is no other female doctor available similarly it is also not permissible for a female doctor to treat a male patient. A woman is not allowed to meet any other guy unveiled except for her spouse. A woman is also forbidden to eat in public as this would expose her face while she is eating as this considered immodest therefore all restaurants in Saudi Arabia has a special section for women to conceal them from men. Women are not even allowed to drive or even get out of their house without their husband or son. Indonesia: Indonesia is a country with the highest Muslim population. Sex segregation is not so harsh as compared to other Muslim communities. Hijab is considered an important part of the dress among women in Indonesia but if not worn does not punish them. Women are seen working in Indonesia a lot and men and women social contact is allowed to some extent in the country. Physical contact is however not permissible but people in Indonesia do practice handshaking and it’s not considered wrong there. Coughlin, 2006) Guidelines for appropriate behavior resulting in healthy men and women public contact:- In some Muslim cultures healthy relationships are not forbidden at all and this is what the religion does not even consider wrong. Therefore appropriate behavior that does not lead to temptation or physical attractiveness should be adopted. In order to maintain healthy relationships between the two sexes, following steps are taken in some practical cultures: Treating one another wi th respect in all conditions: This recommendation is even made by the religion itself. Respectful behavior is one factor that allows both the gender to maintain social contact or interact with each other in a modest and a pure manner. Behaving modestly: Maintaining healthy relationships also involve behaving modestly with one another. It means to avoid provocative behavior such as physical contact, flirtation or harassment. Avoiding seclusion: Seclusion is the situation when men and women are alone in an isolated place. This is not considered right in a Muslim culture as the chance of intimacy is apparent when two people who are attracted to each other are alone in some place. Therefore in order to avoid such temptation it is much better to avoid situations of seclusion so that healthy relationship can’t be maintained between both the sexes Dressing modestly: Dress is one factor that arouses interest and attention of the opposite sex therefore when meeting an opposite sex always dress properly and modestly so that it does not lead to any bad thought in other person’s mind and does not ruin the healthy relation that exists. Conclusion The freedom to which the men and women communicate publicly in Muslim communities varies from community to community. In some states as stated below no communication exists between the sexes where as in others it is a bit lenient. However if we see in general Islam, the religion that Muslims follows only restricts such interactions among the Muslim men and women that lead to any physical contact or immodest behavior or it opposes men and women meeting alone in an isolated place for no productive purpose.

Ethics and Ethical Dilemma

The movie that I chose for ethical dilemma is the Disney movie called â€Å"UP†. It is a story based on an old man and how a boy’s scout boy helps the old man keep his house by floating the old man’s house with balloons. This is an adventurous movie. It has a lot of ups and downs. The ethical dilemma in this movie the man is old, his wife is dead and the city is building new buildings all around his house they want him to vacant his him go to an old folk’s home to live for the rest of his remaining life, which is the ethical thing to do.But instead the story is a bit far stretched out, but he ‘escapes' it in an unethical unrealistic way and floats his house away with balloons. The old man risks his life; the boys scout boy, and the dog. The situation could have been worse, where the old man’s house could fall anywhere in the story making this a terrible and unrealistic idea of saving his house. Another ethical dilemma in this movie is the bird ; it is obviously an endangered species. So does the original explorer guy have the right to capture the bird and show to the world?Or does the old man have the right to stop the explorer and rescue the bird? In my opinion the explorer has some rights, but the way he wants to make money out of the bird is unethical. The old man has the right to stop the explorer because the old man sees his self through the eyes of the bird and how he cannot live the life he wants to in his house. At the end not only does the old man not have to go to an old folk’s home, instead he keeps his house. Unrealistically the house sits right where the story started from. The movie showed how jam packed the city is, but the old man was able to restore his house.Once the house was where it started from, none of the city officials took any actions, but instead let the old man keep his house and the city officials built their buildings and roads around the house which could be a hazardous situation in t he future. The old man once again finds happiness from boy and dog and he never has to worry about construction again. He escapes reality so to speak. No matter how I look at this movie at an ethical point, all I can say is that sometimes unrealistic stories like â€Å"UP† teach us a good moral lesson about life.

Cottle Taylor: Expanding the Oral Care Group in India Essay

In 2009, the director of the oral-care marketing for the India division of Cottle- Taylor, Brinda Patel, thought of the brilliant idea to expand the oral care system in India. At this time 50% of the Indian population was very uninterested in curing their dental problems and did not see the need to obtain dental hygiene like toothbrushes and toothpaste. However, this did not stop Patel. She still believed that her plan would have a 20% increase in toothbrush unit sales. Her plan was to reward regions that met or exceed sales objectives and to reorganize those that underperformed. Patel’s boss gave her two days to revise a marketing plan that came close to 30% unit sales growth. Patel was determined and confident in doing so. In 2009, India was not doing so great as a country. They has about 37% of their population living below the poverty line ($1.25 U.S dollars per day) and about 78% lived in rural towns and villages. Many Indians cleaned their teeth with Neem twigs and didn’t associate with dental healthcare at all. The Indians who live in rural towns were more likely to refrain to these oral care products. A lot of the problem was that there were not dental technicians readily available to the Indian population at all. The dental professionals would move out of India for a higher pay. This caused the problem of not even being aware about the importance of the modern health care. Cottle-Taylor in 2009 needed to bring three different marketing strategies to India to become successful and increase sales in the oral care group: segmentation, targeting and positioning. These were three very important things to consider when making this expansion into India. Segmentation is the act of dividing the ta rget market into subsets of consumers who have the common needs and priorities and then implementing the strategies to target them. This was very important to India’s dental care because 50% of the population was not interested in changing their dental habits at all. With segmentation, Cottle-Taylor’s Company can easily assess which of their products they should market to those who have never used a toothbrush before, those who use them but not as frequently and those  who have been using toothbrushes in the past. The company can also separate it within demographics. They can market the product to those with low incomes, those with middle incomes and products for those with higher incomes. This would help the consumers know what it is that they want and know that there is something that they can also afford. With this marketing strategy, you can get the most profit since more people will buy what they can afford. Targeting is another great marketing strategy that would be very beneficial to Cottle India’s products. Targeting is to strategically place advertising to reach consumers based on demographics, income, behaviors etc. India needs different target audiences based on the type of product that needs to be sold to a specific re gion or people group. If you adapt your products to satisfy the people who are buying them, they would more likely want to buy them. With toothbrushes, if you target them to the population of Indians that are more likely to buy them, or target this new invention to those who never used them, the different targeting ploys will definitely help gain profit. What Patel thought would be most successful was to target more towards those who have never been exposed and those who don’t use them as frequently in India, and then eventually once they see and understand the importance they can upgrade to the battery powered toothbrush. I believe that was the most lucrative plan for the company as well. The people who already are using toothbrushes do not need as much advertising as they have already been a part of the toothbrush selling market. Positioning is the last one and it is the most important. You need to be very strategic in where to place your product to where it would be the most profitable. These strategies are exactly what was a part of Brinda Patel’s plan. She devised three different marketing/advertising plans to help increase the demand of these products. The first was to persuade consumers to brush for the first time. These advertisements would be placed and targeted in the rural regions where they were using the tw ig methods of dental car This type of advertising would be low income, using the 12mm budget for advertising. Secondly she wanted to increase the incidence of brushing. It was shown that the people in India who were brushing their teeth did it very infrequently. This would be more for people who have been exposed in middle incomes. This type of marketing would be used more heavily. The last was to persuade consumers to upgrade to mid-range or  premium products. This would be targeted to people in the urban areas that had more money than those in the rural regions. Brinda Patel’s plan is planned out very well and is very reasonable to succeed if produced correctly. She is thinking more long term, which would benefit the company in the long run. The marketing and advertising will definitely get customers to want to buy and see the importance of the toothbrush and as they become more exposed to the possibilities they will upgrade. As Shown in Exhibit 8, India is slowly but surely working there way to improving dental health care. In 2009, 87% were buying low-end manual brushes, 12.5% were buying mid-range manual and .5% were buying battery-operated. This means that they are increasing to some extent their product usage. Exhibit 9 also shows the percentage income statement from toothbrushes. Cottle India i n 2009 made an 18% profit from their operations. This is definitely raising and increasing drastically. It just depends on how you market the importance of the products that you are selling and targeting them to the right people. Even though they are not making as much money in India as they are in other regions, this start is definitely something that they can work on expanding. Income Statement for 2010: Revenues Net Income $0 Cost of Goods Sold (1000*$1.00)+(50000*2.00)= $101,000 (low income) (middle) Expenses Cost of toothbrush (10000*.50)+(50000*1.00)= 50,500 Advertising 3,000+ 9,000= 12,000 Net Income Before Tax = 38,500 With the plan of Brenda’s using only the low and middle income if they sell the amount of toothbrushes within that one year in India then they would make a massive profits. Selling 1,000 low income toothbrushes and 50,000 of the middle income they would sell 101,000 dollars and adding in the costs of the toothbrushes and advertising they would make 38.5 thousand dollars their first year. Patel is curious to increasing by 3% in ad dollars lead to higher revenues and profitability. I definitely believe so. With the rate of expansion throughout India showing the importance of dental care, and the rate that it is currently rising at, I believe that with a 3% increase, advertisers would still buy this to continue to rise and the expansion of dental health care. In conclusion, this was a very smart deal for Cottle-Taylor Company to market towards the lower incomes. With earning the majority of dental sales in India, this partnership was a great marketing and strategic management move for their company. Because they were the first and most reliable at the country, consumers will keep relying on Cottle to go to for their dental care products. The only thing that the company needs to expand on is the amount of people who are interested in this product. If they get a more steady consumer basis, their profits will rise exponentially.

How are Meat-Based Recipes Adapted for Vegetarians Research Paper

How are Meat-Based Recipes Adapted for Vegetarians - Research Paper Example However, upon heating, this bond is broken and proteins break down into amino acids and react with other chemicals. The difference in flavors between the original and the adapted recipes for vegetarians is noticeable, which is explained by Maillard reactions in the following way. In the Maillard reactions, the amino acids can come from any proteins and the sugars from any carbohydrates. In the first stage of the reactions, the proteins and carbohydrates are degraded into smaller sugars and amino acids. Next the sugar rings open and the resulting aldehydes and acids react with the amino acids to produce a wide range of chemicals. These new molecules then react amongst themselves to produce the main flavor compounds. Consider the adaptation of the chicken-stock recipe for vegetarians. The most apparent feature of chicken stock is â€Å"the unctuous texture that comes from glycerin, a protein found largely in bones.† The same effect can be achieved by roasting vegetables in olive oil first and then adding water. As oil is not soluble in water, therefore, the oil molecules will appear as droplets on the surface of the vegetable stock, similar to that of chicken stock. Take another example of adapting the recipe of beef-burger for vegetarians. As beef naturally contains fat, therefore, it is easy to shape minced beef into a burger patty. However, minced vegetables must rely on a binding agent like an egg to take the form of a patty. In this case, beaten eggs also act as an alternate source of proteins in the adapted recipe.

Ethics Make up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics Make up - Essay Example The overall moderator in the instance is the sitting judge. In contrast, the civic law requires legislative enactments. As such, the judge in the civic law establishes facts within the cases to use applicable codes. The delivery of the ruling originates from the sitting judge who seeks clarity from established codes of law. The drafting process of the civil law is a responsibility of legislator and other legal scholars. International business systems require defined regulatory systems for absolute operations. The civic law acts as a preferable system for an international business manager (Cavico, Frank & Mujtaba, 2013). This is because of the established code of law. Various international businesses operate under defined legal provision. As such the civic law would serve to apply on the same businesses. 3. What are the concepts of jurisdiction and venue in the U.S. court system? How do they differ, and why are they critical components to resolving disputes in the U.S. court system? (based on Legal Challenges text Chapter 3 The federal court serves as the Supreme Court system in the federal structure. This is because the court is provided in the American constitution. The concepts of jurisdiction include the original jurisdiction, federal question, diversity jurisdiction and supplemental jurisdiction. The offered concepts serve to eliminate arising controversies, clarify different state parties and overlook denied jurisdiction in other courts. An intrinsic value is the true or essential value that is invariable due to accident or person while the extrinsic values refer to expiring values based on variant factors. The distinction between the two values is established through the types of traits portrayed. Intrinsic values reveal natural elements while the extrinsic values exhibit a relationship to objects and immediate environment. The differentiation instills morality and the platform to

BENCHMARKING ( MEASURES AND METRICS) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

BENCHMARKING ( MEASURES AND METRICS) - Essay Example Part of this deals with the employee satisfaction analysis. Having an effectual incident management facility prepared is a significant component of the operation as well as execution of any â€Å"software, hardware, or related business process† (Knapp, 1999, p. 82). Businesses are starting to understand that communication and interactions among â€Å"system and software developers† (Malone, 2010, p. 99) and personnel carrying out incident management activities can give insights for forming enhanced infrastructure â€Å"defenses and response processes† (Malone, 2010, p. 99) to overcome or avoid harmful and illegal movement and intimidation. The central objective of incident management is to recognize, evaluate, and rectify any possible risks. Once an appropriate incident management program is put prepared, then any incidents that take place should be dealt with the accurate strategy. One of the issues to be faced in creating successful incident management ability is acknowledging the wider extent of incident management effort. It is not sufficient any longer to only ‘handle’ happenings and incidents in a technological security perspective; the company must be able to include security into all aspects of its functions. In view of the fact that incidents can have extensive outcomes and allegations having an effect on the internal defense - privacy, accessibility, reliability - of important information and resources, confidentiality of records and beyond, incident management actions can entail several factions within the company. External groups may as well be engaged, together with dogmatic bodies, law enforcement agencies, and perhaps other computer-response safety companies. Incident Management should as well maintain a record of incidents for coverage, and incorporate with other procedures to ascertain nonstop enhancement (Johnson and Help Desk Institute Staff, 2002, p. 70). The company places immense stress on the suitable rec ording, categorization, analysis, intensification, and resolution of incidents. Here, Help Desk plays the most important function, performing as the initial line of support and dynamically routing incidents to professionals as well as subject matter experts. To be completely useful, the Help Desk has to function in agreement with other sustaining processes (Rossett, 2009, p. 103). For example, if a number of incidents are traced at the same time, the Help Desk agent requires adequate data to prioritize every incident. Technology can be a very important contributing part by positioning incidents in accordance with business force and necessity. These days, several tools facilitate the mechanical recording of incidents in the Service Desk operation, but need the means to associate incidents and link them with business service levels (Ellis, 1999, p. 22). Several Help Desk solutions offer self-assistance in addition to knowledge based ability, but even if users resolve the concern thems elves, they must record the incident. This is essential, in view of the fact that the IT function can positively utilize a precise foundation of recorded incidents to assist effective process developments along other IT Service Management process lines. In addition, giving end users the facility to â€Å"log noontime critical incidents† (Info-Tech Research Group, 2003, p. 10) by means of a web enabled interface

Medication abuse in celebraties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Medication abuse in celebraties - Essay Example Medication Abuse in Celebrities Elvis Presley, Marilyn Monroe, Kurt Cobain, Heath Ledger and Michael Jackson all have something in common: fame, success, popularity and death through medication abuse. Celebrities are idolized and placed in pedestals by adoring fans. Like normal individuals, celebrities, despite their fame, resources, and connections, are subject to the same health risks that abound in any particular time frame. Sad to say, there are factors unique and distinct to celebrities that make them predisposed to greater susceptibility to abuse medications that initially aim to address trivial health concerns. Drugs and medications are supposed to be prescribed, administered and taken in dosages that are deemed safe and sufficient to address illnesses that have been diagnosed for particular patients. However, drug overdose has been intermittently published, reported and continue to pervade contemporary times. The cases for celebrities are just magnified due to their popular s tature and global awareness. The aim of the current informative discourse is to proffer pertinent issues relative to medication abuse in celebrities, particularly focusing on the case of Michael Jackson. ... Overview of Medication Abuse The World Health Organization (WHO) has chosen to streamline and qualify the definition of abuse to mean â€Å"persistent or sporadic excessive drug use inconsistent with or unrelated to acceptable medical practice† (World Health Organization, 2012, par. 1). The National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) is the organization tasked with monitoring, governing and administering laws and regulations relative to medications that have proven to be susceptible to abuse (National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), n.d.). Accordingly, â€Å"in 2010, approximately 16 million Americans are reported using a prescription drug for nonmedical reasons in the past year; 7 million in the past month† (NIDA: Commonly Abused Prescription Drugs, 2012, par. 3). In a featured publication of NIDA entitled â€Å"Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction†, it was explicitly indicated that â€Å"risk of drug abuse increases greatly during times of transit ion, such as changing schools, moving, or divorce† (par. 2). These activities are normally encountered by people from all walks of life. For celebrities, these factors contribute to their preponderence for taking medications, in conjunction with other intricate and distinct factors as to be discussed below. Factors Contributory to Medication Abuse in Celebrities In an article written by Puente (2012), it was indicated that celebrities are no different in terms of their susceptibilities to medication abuse. The author cited Kevin Hill, reportedly an addictions psychiatrist who was noted to be governing the drug abuse treatment at Harvard Medical School's McLean Hospital

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 31

Discussion - Assignment Example Jurisdiction specifications and legal aspect consideration are other inputs that the company might use in an investment policy. Jurisdiction specification may include other inputs such as environmental, social, and governance standards, classes of assets and guidelines to ensure effective collaboration with external managers. Primary market differ from secondary market in such that, for the primary market, the organization or company is involved directly in the transactions, while in secondary market, there is no involvement between the company and the transactions because transactions occur between investors (Hall and Lieberman 405-406). Both market segments are inter-related and they influence each other in terms of performances. However, the primary market success and functionality is dependent on the secondary market’s complementary role in providing and opening a business opportunity for primary investors. As a result, the secondary market forms the baseline for investors in primary issues to transact on their investments that give other investors a chance to invest in the company. Consequently, primary market functionally dependant on the secondary

Information Technology Infrastructure Library ( ITIL ) Assignment

Information Technology Infrastructure Library ( ITIL ) - Assignment Example Question 2 It is important to identify these business requirements at the initial level because the supply chain management system must align with all these business requirements and ITIL best practices. The business objectives for this scenario after implementing ITIL are: Recognizing and documenting the scope of support services along with dependencies and interfaces interlinked with the suppliers Document the accountabilities and roles of sub-contractors and imperative suppliers Implementing change management process within the organization for updating contracts Evaluating, monitoring and generating reports on performance of the suppliers to identify improvements Incorporating system auditing Risk assessment for calculating risks associated with all trading partners and contracts Evaluating the value as well as profits of trading partners and contracts Implementing and maintaining a database including all the records for trading partners and contractors Deliver Value to the custo mer Ensure product delivery on time Question 3 The goal for designing a service for one solution is to ensure stability and incorporation within all activities and processes of all IT function providing end to end business alignment by supporting functionality and quality. The primary objective for a service design stage is to introduce a new service design in to the live environment. Likewise, it is essential to take a holistic approach rather than just precisely focusing a domain because, the design may impact other dependencies available in the system i.e. service portfolio and service catalogue, the architecture, the technology, management system, tools, current service management processes and essential metrics. Goals of designing service are: Must meet business requirements that is associated with compliance, risk, quality, security, efficient IT and business resolutions Must meet allocated cost Not be too complex and time consuming to develop Risk mitigation before implementi ng service in the live environment Design metrics to measure service design performance Question 4 Configuration baselines that are also called standardized configurations is associated with configuring a service, product or infrastructure that has been reviewed and agreed previously and for changes in future, only formal change procedures can be used. These formal change procedures incorporate the structure and complete details associated with the configuration that demonstrates a configuration item related to each other. As per the current scenario, baseline configurations for one solution are: Service Design Baseline After a change Question 5 As demand management is considered as a vital part of service management, one solution can adopt off peak pricing, volume discounts and differentiated service levels can affect the transportation of demands in precise patterns. Though, capacity can still be compensated by demands. One solution can utilize unused capacity for delivering servi ce levels to the customers. In this, way, customers can receive the required product in a timely manner by and the unused capacity will deliver value by higher levels of assurance. In contrast to insufficient capacity, quality of services will be impacted as well as limits the growth of the organization, for example, one solution. Service level agreements with the customers, planning

Nursing home for aging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing home for aging - Essay Example Research indicates that more than 1.000 million people at the age of 60 or more will comprise of the total world population whereas approximately 700 million old individuals will be living in the developing countries by 2020 (Ayranci, 2005). This shows that there would be a significant change in lifestyle of people in the near future which will subsequently increase health care issues, family responsibilities of young individuals and the overall social set up. Furthermore, meeting the health care needs of the older generation will become a greater challenge (Ayranci, 2005). These problems can be met through facilitating nursing homes for aging at the government level. Based on ethical standards and traditional family systems it can be argued that nursing homes aren’t the right choice for aging persons fundamentally because they create distance between elderly and young while also transforming an individual in to an irresponsible and egotistic being. However, on the other hand old individuals who are particularly diagnosed with fatal or transferable diseases can be treated and cared more conveniently in nursing homes. This actually relates to careful assessment of an old person, safety factors, health care practices and interventions required to counter with the disease. Since nurses are trained to deal with aging people therefore these patients are usually shifted to nursing homes to get benefitted by the professional health care practitioners. Mobility and Portability: Nursing homes’ quality standards are mostly judged on the basis of technotherapeutic interventions that they have. In addition to this, they also need to develop freestanding clinics, significant nonhospital settings and the ambulatory care centers. Evidence-based Practice: It is one of the most common and widely acknowledged concepts of nursing care primarily because it is helpful in

Canada's looming retirement challenge Speech or Presentation

Canada's looming retirement challenge - Speech or Presentation Example In this particular research, LifePaths has been used to address these concerns. LifePaths is essentially a sophisticated tool for simulation which has been created by Statistics Canada. LifePaths functions by integrating data collected from the experiences related to the socio-economic conditions and project consumption of the Canadians who are yet to approach the age of retirement, both before and after they retire. LifePaths does not only take into account the income generated from the programs of public pension, but it also integrates the income and savings made from the registered retirement savings plans (RRSPs) as well as the registered pension plans (RPPs). In addition to that, LifePaths also pays due consideration to the housing equity that is accumulated, and tracks how it helps in the consumption made in the later years of life. LifePaths particularly derives its importance and value from the fact that it can model the socio-economic and demographic patterns that vary with time over the representative yet diversified population belonging to different ages over the course of time. In the study, the focus of the researchers has been the ability of future retirees to sustain the consumption patterns they have had before retirement once they stop to work. This is achieved by benchmarking every person’s standards of living after he/she retires and comparing them to what they had been before the retirement occurred. While doing so, the researchers take into account the diversity and change that occurs in the individuals’ lifetime with respect to such variables as income, savings, tax payment, employment record, and other family conditions that keep varying from time to time. What is quite important to note is that such a calculation provides the researchers with an insight into the individuals’ preparedness for the conditions that would occur after their retirement both within and across the various income groups. Like many other resear ches investigating the very subject concluded, this particular research verified that the system for retirement that has conventionally been in place in Canada has been conducive for healthy consumption rates in the period that follows the retirement of individuals. For individuals belonging to the low income zone in particular, the retirement system has offered great support after completion of their services. In the last two decades, people that have reached the age of retirement experienced significant support from the retirement system in Canada. However, it is important to note that in case the present economic and behavioral circumstances in Canada continue to persist over an indefinite period of time, a vast majority of Canadians are susceptible to experience difficulties in sustaining the same consumption after retirement that they enjoy during the period of their working life. Presently, no more than 16 per cent of the total population of retirees happens to be in such circ umstances which are likely to result in a considerable minimization of the consumption after the retirement, the number would increase manifolds if the present trends persist indefinitely. As many as 44 per cent of the t

Genetically Modified (Gm) Foods Essay Example for Free

Genetically Modified (Gm) Foods Essay The Term Genetically Modified (GM) foods refers to crops produced for human or animal consumption using the recombinant DNA techniques. The world population is growing in a fast pace such that it is expected to double in the next 50 years. Supplying food to this growing population is a major challenge. GM foods can be considered as the major solution for the food security. These foods are produced by the modification of crop plants in the laboratory to enhance desired traits, mainly biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, improved nutritional content, etc. These traits were earlier carried out through conventional plant breeding, but these breeding methods are very time-consuming and often not very accurate. However, with recombinant DNA technology, plants with the desired traits can be produced, very rapidly and with greater accuracy. Process Recombinant DNA technology begins with the identification and isolation of a gene which expresses a desirable trait, with the aid of restriction enzymes. Then a recipient plant or animal is selected, and the gene is inserted and incorporated into its genome through a vector such as agrobacterium, through a gene gun shooting an elemental particle covered in plasmid DNA, electro oration, or a virus. Once part of the recipient, the newly inserted gene becomes part of the genome of the recipient and is regulated in the same way as its other genes. For example, we can isolate a gene responsible for conferring drought tolerance, introduce that gene into a plant, and make it drought tolerant. Crops can also be transformed using non-plant genes such as the use of Bt genes, in cotton and many other crops. Bt, or Bacillus thuringiensis, is a naturally occurring bacterium that produces crystal proteins that are lethal only to insect larvae. Bt crystal protein genes have been transferred into cotton, soya, corn, brinjal, enabling the plants to produce its own pesticides against insects such as the American bollworm, European corn borer. Bt genes are lethal only in the acidic medium, insect gut environment and do not get activated in an alkaline environment, prevalent in humans and other animals that feed on these plants. BENEFITS OF GM FOODS Drought tolerance/salinity tolerance: As the world population grows and more land is converted for housing instead of food production, farmers need to grow crops in non-arable land, previously unsuited for plant cultivation. Creating plants that can withstand long periods of drought or high salinity in soil and groundwater will help people to grow crops in large, barren wetlands/dry lands in our country. Pest resistance: Insect Pests are causing devastating financial loss for farmers, sometimes starvation. Indiscriminate use of pesticides is also a potential health hazard, and the run-off of agricultural wastes from excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers poisons the water supply and harms the environment. Ex: Growing GM foods such as Bt brinjal helps reduce the application of pesticides substantially, as 80 per cent of brinjal crop are infested with pests. Disease resistance: There are many viruses, fungi and bacteria that cause plant diseases and thereby contribute to yield loss. Plant biologists are working to create genetically engineered plants with resistance to these diseases. Ex: Developing sheath blight resistance in rice. Cold/heat tolerance: Farmers are facing the vagaries of weather, like unexpected frost or excess heat due to climate change. Researchers have identified an antifreeze gene from cold-water fish and introduced it into plants such as tobacco and potato to study the efficacy of the plant to withstand extreme temperatures. Also, research is on to identify plants that can survive excess heat, submergence tolerance etc. Nutrition: People in our country suffer from various nutrient deficiency diseases due to malnutrition. Most of the people rely on rice as a major staple food. But rice does not contain adequate amounts of all necessary micro and macronutrients. If rice could be genetically engineered to contain additional vitamins, iron and/or minerals, nutrient deficiencies could be alleviated. For example, MSSRF (M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation) are working on improving the iron content. Phytoremediation: Soil and groundwater pollution continues to be a problem in many parts of the world. Plants such as poplar trees, brassica spp are being genetically engineered to clean up heavy metal pollution from soil contaminated with metals like lead, arsenic, and cadmium. Concerns Most concerns about GM foods fall into three categories Environmental hazards: Unintended harm to other organisms; reduced effectiveness of pesticides; gene transfer to non-target species are some of the concerns of the environmental concerns of GM crops. Human health risks: Allergenecity, unknown effects on human health are some of the main health concerns. For example, Pioneer Hi-Bred tested the allergenicity of a transgenic soybean that expressed a Brazil nut seed storage protein in hope that the seeds would have increased levels of the amino acid methionine. The tests (radio allergosorbent testing, immunoblotting, and skin-prick testing) showed that individuals allergic to Brazil nuts were also allergic to the new GM soybean. Economic concerns Environmental activists, religious organizations, non-governmental organizations have criticized agribusiness for concentrating on profits through GM Foods without concern for potential hazards. They also criticized the government for failing to start a regulatory body. All GM crops should be subjected to thorough regulatory processes and toxicology and allergenicity tests data needs to be shared with the regulatory authorities prior to commercialization. Government Role Many new plant genetic engineering technologies and GM plants have been patented, and patent infringement is a big concern of agribusiness. So, bringing GM food to market is a lengthy and costly process. This is a genuine concern and therefore it is important for the government to fund and support public sector research in reputed universities or agriculture institutes to ensure quality research and also keep prices under check. Conclusion Government should check all the hazards, environmental, health and economic concerns and then decisions should be taken to commercialize a GM product. Though ambiguity during the process, once they get regulatory approve, it implies that they have been subjected to stringent scrutiny and are safe for commercial release. So, the governments around the world are hard at work to establish an effective regulatory process to monitor the effects of and approve new varieties of GM plants. According to M S Swaminathan, the chairman of the National Commission on Farmers, GM foods have the potential to solve many of the worlds hunger and malnutrition problems, and can protect and preserve the environment by increasing yield and reducing reliance upon chemical pesticides. Yet there are many challenges ahead for governments, especially in the areas of safety testing, regulation, international policy and food labeling.

Cognitive Learning Theory: An Overview

Cognitive Learning Theory: An Overview Cognitive Learning Theory Using Thinking to Learn The Cognitive Learning Theory explains why the brain is the most incredible network of information processing and interpretation in the body as we learn things. This theory can be divided into two specific theories: the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), and the Cognitive Behavioural Theory (CBT). When we say the word â€Å"learning†, we usually mean â€Å"to think using the brain†. This basic concept of learning is the main viewpoint in the Cognitive Learning Theory (CLT). The theory has been used to explain mental processes as they are influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which eventually bring about learning in an individual. Cognitive Learning Theory implies that the different processes concerning learning can be explained by analysing the mental processes first. It posits that with effective cognitive processes, learning is easier and new information can be stored in the memory for a long time. On the other hand, ineffective cognitive processes result to learning difficulties that can be seen anytime during the lifetime of an individual. A. Social Cognitive Theory In the Social Cognitive Theory, we are considering 3 variables: behavioural factors environmental factors (extrinsic) personal factors (intrinsic) These 3 variables in Social Cognitive Theory are said to be interrelated with each other, causing learning to occur. An individual’s personal experience can converge with the behavioral determinants and the environmental factors. Inside person-environment relationship, individual thinking, concepts and cognitive competencies usually are altered by means of outside elements say for example a support parent, nerve-racking environment or maybe a hot weather. Inside person-behaviour relationship, the particular cognitive operations of the man or woman impact his behaviour; moreover, overall performance involving this sort of behaviour may alter how he or she believes. Lastly, the particular environment-behavior relationship, outside elements can transform how you show the particular behaviour. Furthermore, your behavior make a difference and alter your environment. This particular type clearly implies that for useful and constructive learning to occur somebody must have constructive personalized features, present ideal behavior and remain in any support environment. Also, Social Cognitive Hypothesis declares in which completely new encounters have to be evaluated by the spanish student by way of examining his past encounters while using exact same determinants. Finding out, therefore, is because of an intensive analysis with the current knowledge versus way back when. Basic Concepts Social Cognitive Hypothesis consists of many fundamental methods that will reveal not simply throughout older people but in addition throughout infants, kids and teenagers. 1. Observational finding out from others by way of seeing these people is an effective method of attaining knowledge and changing behavior. two. Replica accomplishing this when there is certainly a good make an effort to correctly enhance the repeating of the behavior by way of placing your specific within a comfy environment having commonly available products in order to encourage him or her in order to support the completely new knowledge and behavior learned and exercise these people. 3. Self-efficacy the particular study course when the particular spanish student increases his recently learned knowledge or even behavior by means of placing the item straight into exercise. 5. Over emotional great coping systems next to nerve-racking environment and adverse personalized features can lead to useful finding out, in particular throughout older people. 5. Self-regulatory capacity to management behaviour even within the unfavourable environment. B. Cognitive Behaviour Hypothesis Cognitive Behaviour Hypothesis describes the particular purpose involving knowledge (knowing) in order to determining and forecasting the particular behavioral routine of person. This particular concept was developed by means of Aaron Beck. The particular Cognitive Behaviour Hypothesis states men and women have a tendency to kind self-concepts in which impact the particular behavior they will show. These types of methods is usually constructive or even adverse which enable it to be affected by any person’s environment. The particular Cognitive Triad Cognitive Behavioural Hypothesis additional points out individual behaviour and finding out using the cognitive triad. This particular triad consists of negative thoughts concerning: 1. The particular self applied (i. electronic., My business is rubbish) two. The particular world/environment (i. electronic., the world is irrational) 3. The long run (i. electronic., our potential is doomed) Behavioral Learning Hypothesis People behavior is learned, as a result many behavior is usually unlearned and newbehaviors learned throughout their spot. Behaviorism can be involved primarily having theobservable and measurable aspects of individual behavior. Therefore any time behaviorsbecome improper, they can be unlearned. Behaviorism landscapes improvement because acontinuous procedure during which kids enjoy a passive purpose. Its alsoa general technique thats utilized in many different settings which include both clinicaland instructional. Behaviorists assume how the simply stuff usually are real (or at leastworth studying) will be the items we can easily discover and notice. Most of us can not begin to see the thoughts, the particular id, or even the particular other than conscious, nevertheless we can easily observe how persons behave, reply and conduct themselves. Through behavior many of us just might help to make inferences about the brains and also the mental faculties, however they arent the main emphasis with the analysis. Exactly who accomplish, certainly not what exactly they will believe or even really feel, would be the subject with the analyze. Likewise the particular behaviorist doesnt check out as their pharmicudical counterpart or even the mind in order to understandthe causes of irregular behavior. This individual assumes how the behavior representscertain learned routines, and he or she efforts to view that they usually are learned. The particular stuff thats researched is obviously behavior. Simply because behaviourists arent keen on as their pharmicudical counterpart, or even their a lot more ratified equivalents for example psycheand heart and soul, inferences about the circumstances in which maintain and bolster humanbehavior is usually made from the study involving canine behavior. Creature research hasprovided a critical groundwork for your behavioral technique. Thebehavioral researcher is keen on knowing the particular systems underlyingthe behavior involving both regular men and women and the ones having problems that may well bereferred because mental illness. In the event the behavioral type is utilized tomental illness, the item is usually for numerous introducing troubles. Its most likely more effective throughout the treatment of behavioral issues and issues ofimpulse management, for example excessivedrinking, weight problems, or even erotic troubles. Behavioural techniques may bequite helpful throu ghout treatment method involving stress and anxiety and have absolutely occasionally been recently beneficial throughout themanagement involving more severe mind issues for example schizophrenia. Early on Advocates: Pavlov (1849-1936) Ivan G. Pavlov is Russias most well-known scientist. This individual first received greatdistinction for his research around the physiology with the gastrointestinal tract. Pavlovencountered any methodological issue that was in the long run in order to confirm moreimportant and much more useful in comparison with his physical research. This individual haddiscovered conditioning. With regard to Pavlov, many behavior has been reflexive. But take place this sort of behaviors differfrom the particular behavior commonly named instinctive? Instinctive behavior might possibly be reported to be encouraged. The pet should be hungry, in order to be sexually turned on, in order to have nest-building hormones previous to these types of instinctive behavior can take place. But Pavlov concluded that at this time there seems to be no basis for unique concerning reflexes and what exactly possesses commonly been recently looked at as non-reflexive behavior. To be a shrink, Pavlov has been worried about thenervous method, and specifically the particular cerebral cortex, certainly not having almost any lawfulnessthat he might uncover throughout behavior. For a a lot more abstract degree, Pavlov considered that all finding out, whether ofelicited responses throughout wildlife or even involving very conceptual behaviors throughout people, wasdue to the systems involving established conditioning. We have now think the item to get incorrect, but it is none the particular a smaller amount one of several wonderful concepts in our way of life. (Bolles) Watson (1878-1958) Bob B. Watson has been one of the most vivid personalities throughout the history involving mindset. Though he or she failed to invent behaviorism, he or she became widely known because their key spokesman and protagonist. Watson has been increased inside common history: System points out behavior. Within a popular publication (Watson, 1914) he or she said how the analyze ofthe thoughts would be the domain involving school of thought; its the sphere involving supposition andendless concept online games. As their pharmicudical counterpart does not have any put in place mindset. A research of psychology should be determined by target phenomena and also the final explanationmust become obtained in the particular middle tense method. It had been Watson, more than Pavlov or even any other anyone, whom convincedpsychologists how the real evidence involving behavior put inside tense systemand in which as soon as many of us grasped the mind a little better, the vast majority of themysteries could vanish. In addition to, it absolutely was due to the fact involving Watson in which so manypsychologists stumbled on think that what exactly they will named conditioning has been soimportant. (Bolles) Skinner (1904-1990) B. F. Skinner is regarded as by means of numerous government bodies to obtain been recently thegreatest behavioral shrink in recent history. Previous behaviorism have been worried about stimulus-responseconnections. Skinner checked the learning procedure inside opposite method, checking out the way finding out has been suffering from stimuli shown right after a good behave wasperformed. This individual discovered any particular one stimuli caused the particular affected individual in order to replicate a good actmore regularly. This individual named stimuli with this particular influence the particular re-inforcers. Watson discovered in which by giving reinforcement within a methodical method a single couldshape the particular behavior throughout sought after guidelines. Url to operant Instructors have benefited probably the most from Skinners essential function inreinforcement as a method involving preventing and encouraging college student behavior. Itsvarious programs in order to school room exercise are normally named behaviour modification, a method many teachers consider to get certainly one of theirmost important tools for bettering both finding out and behavior of their pupils. (Charles). Sorts of behavioural Finding out Operant conditioning Operant conditioning (or a key component conditioning) is a form of finding out during which someones behavior is altered by means of their antecedents and outcomes. A key component conditioning was initially found out and printed byJerzy Konorski and has been also referred to as Type II reflexes. Mechanisms involving a key component conditioning claim that the particular behavior may alter throughout kind, frequency, or even strength. The particular expression operant behavior and respondent behavior ended up popularized by means of B. F. Skinner whom worked on imitation involving Konorskis studies. [1] The particular ex- is the term for an item involving behavior thats at first spontaneous, rather than a response to any previous stimulation, nevertheless as their outcomes may bolster or even hinder recurrence of the behavior. [2] Operant conditioning is known from established conditioning (or respondent conditioning) because operant conditioning refers to the particular reinforcement and consequence to switch behavior. Operant behaviour runs around the environment and is also preserved by means of their antecedents and outcomes, even though established conditioning is preserved by means of conditioning involving reflexive (reflex) behaviors, which might be elicited by means of antecedent circumstances. Behaviours trained via a established conditioning process arent preserved by means of outcomes. [3] These people both, nevertheless, kind the particular central involving behavior analysis and have absolutely produced straight into specialist procedures. Time-honored conditioning Though operant conditioning takes on the largest purpose throughout talks involving behavioural systems, established conditioning (or Pavlovian conditioning or even respondent conditioning) is additionally an essential behaviour-analytic procedure that require certainly not consider mind or even different internal operations. Pavlovs studies having pet dogs provide the majority of familiar illustration with the established conditioning process. Within uncomplicated conditioning, the dog has been offered any stimulation say for example a lighting or maybe a sound, after which food has been slipped into the particular dogs lips. From handful of reps on this series, the particular lighting or even sound alone caused the dog in order to salivate. [23] Though Pavlov recommended a number of sensitive physical operations that could be involved with established conditioning, these kind of never have been recently established. Which can be the majority of relevant to instruction? Whilst both cognitivism and behaviourism usually are both sensible finding out hypotheses, cognitivism possesses overshadowed behaviourism because the principal point of view. For the last 2 decades and much more strictly in the change with the century, behaviourism will no longer retains the particular dominance the item when presented like a finding out concept. Unhappiness having behaviourism à ¢s à ¢thoughtlessà ¢ procedure for finding out, cognitivism and its subcategories involving multiple cleverness, brain-based finding out and learner-style finding out have usurped behaviourism because the the majority of widely appropriate and applied hypotheses nowadays. Even though behaviourist hypotheses reveal finding out when it comes to firmly visible behaviour while using spanish student like a passive individual involving knowledge by way of stimulus-response relationship while using environment, cognitivists view the particular spanish student just as one energetic participator inside finding out procedure. Cognitivist spot better fascination with knowledge, this means, motives, emotions, ingenuity, expectations and thought processes as well as cognitive set ups and operations for example ram, understanding, problem-solving, understanding, interest, and concept- Finding out. Regardless of the significant big difference between the two hypotheses the fact that behaviourists will not consider the mind operations in which underlie cognitive finding out concept cognitivists and behaviourists talk about identical thinking. The two think finding out hypotheses should be target and relying on the outcome involving empirical research. The two take notice of the responses men and women help to make in order to various stimulation circumstances. The two hypotheses believe in comments. The two focus on the particular effect environment possesses upon the particular spanish student. Finally, both think knowledge impacts finding out. You can find, needless to say variations in the specifics of concept. Since accomplish present day cognitivists, behaviourists presented the belief that finding out concept should be objectively relying on the outcome involving empirical data. However, behaviourists cannot analyze the internal cognitive operations in which create the par ticular responses they will documented considering that the technological innovation has been non-existent.  Behaviourists selected never to incorporate mind situations within their finding out hypotheses, quarrelling in which this sort of situations ended up not possible to see and evaluate therefore cannot become researched objectively. Cognitivists agree in which pay back aids affect finding out and behaviour. These people purely take issue regarding the cause of in which pay back. Brain-based research have tested how the mental faculties comes with an innate pay back method named endorphins. Cognitivists seem a lot more at the way men and women procedure the particular stimuli they will come across.

Modernist Preoccupations With Progress: An Exploration

Modernist Preoccupations With Progress: An Exploration The term ‘Modernism relies upon notions of progress in that it is defined by an ‘artistic and literary superiority of moderns over ancients. The ‘modern era enjoyed scientific, technological and social progress, whilst the uncivilized and primitive past was very much left behind. That is not to say that modern artists neglected to recognise their debt to the past and although modernists tended to reject notions of time as linear, the causal development of time meant modern artists and writers often looked to the past at least as a tool for comparison. It could be said that Modernist art reacted to the rapidly changing and dehumanised world of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by actually challenging common notions of progress and demanding a reappraisal of the direction in which society was moving. The artistic movement known as Cubism originated in the minds and art of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, and at first stood as an experiment in style alongside avant-garde developments in western art. Like many of the movements under the ‘Modernist umbrella, Cubism sought to move away from established notions of art; Cubisms roots are in realism, but Cubist artists also challenged the convention of naturalism and the illusion of three-dimensional seeing. This was initially done by presenting a two-dimensional picture surface with flat forms and tonal colours, which aimed to bring together the mind and the eye without trying to fool the viewer into seeing something other that the ‘reality of the picture surface. In this way, Cubism presented a more accurate reality than previous artistic movements that used the convention of three-dimensional representation, because we do not see the world from a singular perspective. Whilst self-confessedly indebted to his Impressionist forebears, Picasso changed modern notions of art by ‘reappraising [his] fundamental materials, to redesign composition and remake form. What was seen as a breakdown in society, with the advent of mechanised warfare and impoverishment of the human spirit, encouraged Cubist artists to present a new way of looking at the world. Cubist techniques of presenting both sides of a chair or all the perspectives of a models face served to create an art in which normal notions of vision and thought are challenged; are we not able to move around an object and see it form all sides? Cubist artists first introduced collage as a tool to communicate their desire to bring life and art closer together, and so allow society to progress through ideas within art. Collages were paintings with objects attached to the canvas; Picasso stuck pieces of newspaper, stamps and rope to his canvas in order to ‘break down the boundaries between art and life, causing the viewer to ponder various kinds and degrees of artifice. That small pieces of ‘real life were appearing on the canvas showed the Cubists increasingly innovative style and the lengths to which they would go to move away from art as artifice and present a new type of artistic ‘progress that attempted to bring observers away from the constructed emotional portrayal of the artistic subject (as in Impressionism) and towards an art which gives ‘more attention to sensuous and tactile quality. Critics of Cubism blamed Picasso and his peers for becoming more concerned with geometry than with art; the r esponse was that science and emotion are brought together in Cubism to create a more rounded and stimulating experience of life than previously offered by other art forms. Whilst the Modernists obsession with moving away from past conventions and creating new intellectual depths may have seemed extreme, this preoccupation with ‘progress was a direct response to what they saw as the devaluation of art, literature and society in general throughout the Victorian period. Techniques used by the Cubist artists to comment on and re-evaluate art included ‘fragmentation, multiple perspectives, and juxtaposition, which were part of the standard Modernist repertoire. Modernist artists wanted to create and communicate new ways of experiencing art and therefore the world.There was very much a feeling that art could not only reflect and represent life, but also lead to changes within society; by challenging notions of progress, especially in the wake of the war and mechanisation, Cubist artists created their own type of progress, which was very much involved with the way the mind and the eye worked. Cubist art was controversial and little understood and any contemporary commentary could be seen to devalue the art itself, but it could be said that Cubism was an art that sought to see everything without conforming to accepted forms or styles and without pandering to popular notions of civilized human progress. The modernist era brought about the notion that everythings been done and said and painted already and Cubism was at the centre of one of the last great revolutions in early twentieth century art; partly because it fought against notions of progress, incorporated the devalued and partial art forms of the past and created a new world view which epitomised the Modernist preoccupation with progress.

Defiance of Gender-Based Work Ethics in Bartleby and The Yellow Wallpap

Defiance of Gender-Based Work Ethics in Bartleby and The Yellow Wallpaper  Ã‚     Ã‚   The issue of gender was an influential factor for writers in the 19th century, as Herman Melville and Charlotte Perkins Gilman explore in their pieces. In "Bartleby," for instance, Herman Melville presents Bartleby as an employed scrivener-his service to the narrator is in the form of copying documents. This form of labor is appropriate for Bartleby according to 19th century society, which supported and approved of the male professional writer. However, he refuses this duty, and through his "I-would-prefer-not-to" statements, he challenges the standards held to him by society, reinforcing his individualism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  On the other hand, in "The Yellow Wallpaper," the female narrator is expected and ordered not to work-not to write-by her family and, in turn, by her society. But just as Bartleby refuses the expectations set upon him, so does "Wallpaper's" narrator. This reverses "Bartleby's" situation-culture does not want her to write, but she does so anyway. According to this presentation by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the 19th century female writer is suppressed and discouraged by the males of the era-an idea further supported by Richard Polwhele's poem "The Unsex'd Females." In his piece, Polwhele denounces the female writer and criticizes her advancement in the literary world. Therefore, although both Bartleby and "Wallpaper's" narrator have labor standards to live with, through their defiance of these 19th century ethics, they present themselves as individuals through the work of writing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  In the case of "Bartleby," many examples imply the acceptance of writing as a male profession. Firstly, all of the people in the office are men. "At the... ...accepted and encouraged work. On the other hand, the female writer in "The Yellow Wallpaper" individualizes herself by working when she is not supposed to be, and by being the alleged unnatural woman that Polwhele describes. She defies what is socially acceptable and chooses to express herself through writing. The end result is the same-both characters grow as individuals through their social dissent.    Works Cited Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. "The Yellow Wallpaper and Other Stories." New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1997. Melville, Herman. "Bartleby and Benito Cereno." New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1990. Polwhele, Richard. â€Å"The Unsex’d Females.† Women of the Romantic Period. 27 April 2001 <http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~worp/worp.html>. "Hysteric." Webster's New World Dictionary. 3rd College ed. New York: Prentice Hall, 1994   

How The Web :: essays research papers

The internet is a great invention because it makes things a great deal easier for us nowadays. It is also helpful in many ways, especially, in the way of convenience. Rather than go somewhere to pay your bills, you can just do it online with a credit card. You can also check your bank statements and find out where you stand financially. These are example of good ways that the internet helps out in the world. I would have to agree with David Rothenberg when he says that the web is ruining student’s research papers. If I was a collage professor and I were to see that all of my student’s papers seemed so fake, I would be devastated. When the internet is abused to the point where it is used for just anything will affect the loss of originality, laziness, and students reading less.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While students are in collage, they do many research papers on certain topics. Most of them dread doing these kinds of papers because the numbers of pages are high. They are also time consuming and that is a big issue to a student because we all have our own lives, most of us, as we know, never have much time to spend on just a paper. So, most of the students in college try to do the easiest thing, like resort to just the internet. There is a very important term that is used in college a lot, that term is called Plagiarism. If any student turns in a paper that is plagiarized, they are kicked out of that college and given a large fine. The internet plays a big role on this word. So many people are victims of plagiarism because they only use the internet and forget about using other sources like encyclopedias, books, and newspapers. Back then, it wasn’t a problem, but nowadays people just what to do things the easy way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secondly, since the internet is revolved around everything we do, students have now become lazy. Most of the world advertises that school assignments must be revolved around computers; even librarians say this as well. The more our technology develops in this world, the easier everything becomes. Nowadays, it’s about what makes your life easier and more convenient and I think there should be a change. On the internet there are so many short-cuts. Instead of reading carefully, and synthesizing, we do cut and paste, change the font size, and readjust the margins.

Country Analysis- India Essay

India functions on a democratic system, which heavily influences the political situation of the country. However, this democracy stems from a caste system. A caste system is a social grouping that combines a group of particular members based on specific professions and usually leads to the isolation of each individual caste. The Indian people adopted the caste system to create an easy differentiation of communities and neighborhoods. Recently in India there has been a relaxing of the caste system depending on the part of India in which you are looking. In the cities you will see more of an intermingling and mix of the higher caste systems but as you explore the rural areas, you find a traditional form of the caste system. In recent years India has become the largest democracy in the world. The economy is highly affected by the political situation in India. The country suffers from high unemployment and poverty as two of its main issues that currently influence the economic standing of the country. With two opposing parties with vastly different views for the vision of the economy the country is found being pulled for a free market economy and an economy that strongly opposes globalization and favors a â€Å"land-for-all† attitude. (â€Å"Politics of India†) In India the legal situation highly resembles a common law model that is found in England today but is clout with Indian culture. In the courts India has a judge that acts as a neutral party that enforces the law fairly amongst each party. The government too has three branches: the executive, the judiciary and the legislative. The courts hold a common theme of carrying out justice to the people. (Srikrishna) One article says, â€Å"According to Gallup’s annual public opinion polls, India is perceived by Americans as their 7th favorite nation in the world† (â€Å"India-United State Relations†) Based off this observation, the relationship between the United States of American and India seems to be quite close and cordial. However, this does not mean the countries have always agreed on every matter. Back in the late 1990’s when Atal Bihari Vajpayee became the Prime Minister he began to authorize testing of nuclear weapons and the United Sates chose to form against them and eventually was mandated to cut off economic ties. In 2001 the United States under the Clinton administration began to have economic discussion, opening the door for the Bush administration to partake in close monitoring of India’s nuclear weapons and began strengthening the economic ties. The two countries have really come together in times of need such as  the attacks on September 11,2001 and the December 2004 tsunamis. The most recent development in the relationship is under the pressing of the Obama administration. Right out of the gate of the first term of his presidency, President Obama addressed the issue of the Indian-American relationship and said that he was going to take the steps necessary â€Å"further strengthen the excellent bilateral relationship† (â€Å"India-United State Relations†) This goal was communicated vastly amongst the administration, assuring the citizens of both countries that it was a beneficial relationship. The main person taking care of this relationship is Hilary Clinton. As time passed the country of India became concerned that the relationship was not being as cared for like they were assured would be done. Rather they believed the United States was more focused on their relationship with China and eventually the country of Pakistan. The issues of the bilateral relationship continued to struggle for some time, even after a visit to the White House from Prime Minister Singhin November 2010, which was to hopefully fix or strengthen the relationship. In May 2010 President Obama communicated that shared values, interests and the two larges democracies established the partnership between the United States and India. (â€Å"India-United State Relations†) The economic relation between the United States and India has been continuing to be strengthened since the Clinton administration where the bilateral economic dialogue was established. This is a system where the accountability for consultations amongst multiple high powers. (See exhibit A) (â€Å"Embassy of India†) Since this original discussion; there have been multiple dialogue mechanisms to strengthen the bilateral relationship on the economy and trade issues. This includes different forums and financial partnerships. In the first seven or so months of the year 2013 the United States of America increased the percent they did trade with India 7.4%. (â€Å"Embassy of India†) The relationship of the United States and India is perfectly summed up by the words of the National Security adviser Shivshankar Menon, â€Å"From a time when we dealt with each other formally, sometimes warily, we today have a full spectrum relationship, between our governments, our peoples and our institutions.† (Menon) In the year 2011 the Gross National Product increased over 8 billion INR, an increase of 11,846.1 INR since 2010. It has a forecast of following a trend and reaching almost 9 billion INR for the next year. This is also a steady view of how the inflation levels have  effected the GNP of India and will continue do so in the future. (See exhibit B) (No current data was found) (â€Å"India Gross National Product†) The most current GNP per capita was calculated using the PPP to the US dollar using the atlas method divided by a midyear population. In 2011 in India, the GNP resulted to be $1,420.00 at a ranking of 142/191. In consideration of the past is a very steady increase, however, in comparison the U.S it is hardly an increase at all. (â€Å"India-GNI per capita) As of 2006 India spends 3.11% of their gross national product on their education system. Looking to increase this percentage over the years and have lowered the illiteracy rate by 2015. (â€Å"Infochange India†) Today when discussing the opportunity for a company, of any kind, but especially a U.S company, to manufacture in India the support to do so is quite present. One major benefit of manufacturing in India is that the government has been putting into place a plan of action to create a substantial steady flow of economic progress and one of the crucial aspects is through manufacturing. It began in 2010 with the implementation of a Manufacturing Policy, that industry and the government fully supports. The plan began with the rubber industry in India and where they were choosing to invest, it has continued into medical supplies, a chocolate factory and a huge factory by the direct marketing company, Amway. The Prime Minister has stated that the commitment of expanding the manufacturing in India is of highest priority for the economic growth of the country. (â€Å"Manufacturing Sector in India†) Another great aspect of pursuing manufacturing in India versus a country like China is the possibility of lower wages in India, China continues to raise the minimum wage. There is also the language barrier that disappears when you choose to manufacture in India versus another foreign country with a different native tongue. There is also a younger work force in India than in China and with a similar government as that of the United States it is easier to do business. (Shilling) With all the rage to rush off and pursue manufacturing in India there are those who have doubts, like the unknown author of the article in The Economist, the author says, â€Å"If India is to become ‘the next China’—a manufacturing powerhouse—it is taking its time about it.† (â€Å"Manufacturing in India†) When it comes to a company from the United States and whether or not to compete in India, there is good support that says to go for it. Now a days we have so many jobs outsourced to India it seems foolish to not take it a step further. Particularly in the software industry, there is a large convention that is held there annually and the United States is greatly underrepresented and most likely missing out on big opportunities, because the reality is that the show will go on with out the U.S present. India has been focusing on the service industry over the last years but are now moving towards an industrial form of business. Also present is a strong entrepreneurial spirit, which can be wonderful for a new company coming in because the people will be willing to get in on the ground floor of an international operation, as well as bring new ideas and twists to the table. (â€Å"Americans Should Jump on the India Wave†) Another aspect in general to approach entering any country competitively is the exchange rate and currency. Look into how the country performs monetarily and see how the exchange rate and inflation will affect your business on the day-to-day operations but also over time. (Aimes) When going back and looking at the idea of manufacturing and competing in India based off the Economic Freedom Index, the index can mean multiple things for both. In general India is a 55.2 out of 100 in Economic Freedom. This is 119th out of 177, (not including Lybia) while the United States is scores a 76.0 sitting at the top as number 10 of 177. When assessing the index with the idea of a company from the Unite States manufacturing in India I look the factors that influence the index such as the labor freedom, this looks into the aspect of the legality of the labor market of the country, or in our case, India. This means that as a company we have to be cautious not to abuse or practice the immoral practice of extremely low wages or poor work conditions. As far as competing the issue that stands out to me pertaining to the EFI is the corrupt factor, with a low score like India, as a company one would need to watch closely at the practices taking place overseas. (â€Å"Index of Economic Freedom†) The Human Development Index in India is found in the medium HDI. Since 2011 India’s HDI decreased by 2 but is forecasted to increase .07 over the next year. The HDI refers to how the country’s population is take care of, such as life expectancy, education,  etc. This covers the wellbeing of the citizens of the country; I think this affects the manufacture and competitive aspect equally. If the people are not taken care of who is going to manage and operate the company, as an organization it would just be something that must be kept in mind. (â€Å"Human Development Index†) Pertaining to the Global Competitiveness Report it is hard to know how they would affect us because as a country India is not present in the top 30 for the last four years. So the assumption is made the India is not as competitive as portrayed by some people, but that does not mean there is no room for growth. (â€Å"Global Competitiveness Report†) India holds a score of 36 on the corruption perceptions index; this means that again when looking into entering the country either with manufacturing or competitive ambition one must asses the risk that is going be taken, such as how will the government treat your corporation as well as how will the patrons of the country view your corporation. (â€Å"Corruptions Perception Index†) Last but definitely not least another report that is very useful in assessing the want to on pursuing a manufacture or competitive is the World Press Freedom Index. India is in the difficult situation range in this index meaning, that freedom of speech is kind of difficult to actually have because the government watches closely to what is being spoken and said about their country and the people in it. (â€Å"Reporters without Borders†) Based off the indexes and other information presented above do not believe as a company of the United States need to enter the market in India. I believe this is so because of the uncertainty of the market, as stated above India has great potential to grow and be the next China but it has been heading in that direction since the 1950’s and not much change is evident. There are aspects about the country that would be desirable to enter into and if doing so I recommend the company use the strategy of global standardization. This strategy uses the low cost of the country to its advantage and in the United States outsourcing is chosen for that very reason, so instead of just outsourcing I believe it would be wise to use this method to pursue a start up of an international branch in a country like India where there is low labor cost and where it is not necessary for the people to respond due to the fact that there is a low economic freedom and instead it relies more on the main office back in the United States rather than the host country, or in our case, India. (Aimes) Exhibits Exhibit A Exhibit B Works Cited Aimes, Frederico. Foreign Exchange. Online Lecture, Stillwater. 07 Oct. 2013. Lecture . Aimes, Frederico. â€Å"International Business Strategy.† Lecture. International Management Lecture. D2L, Stillwater. 09 Oct. 2013. Web. 09 Oct. 2013. â€Å"Americans Should Jump on the India Wave.† Web log post. Boston.com. N.p., 21 Feb. 2012. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. â€Å"Corruption Perceptions Index.† Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Aug. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. â€Å"Embassy of India – Washington DC (official Website) United States of America – Economic Relations.† Embassy of India – Washington DC (official Website) United States of America – Economic Relations. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. â€Å"Global Competitiveness Report.† Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Sept. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. â€Å"Index of Economic Freedom.† Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 June 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. â€Å"India – GNI per Capita.† India. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. â€Å"India GDP per Capita.† TRADING ECONOMICS. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. â€Å"India Gross National Product.† TRADING ECONOMICS. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. â€Å"India–United States Relations.† Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 May 2013. Web. 10 Oct. 2013. â€Å"Infochange India.† India Invests Just 3.3% of Its GNP on Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. â€Å"List of Countries by Human Development Index.† Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Sept. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. â€Å"Manufacturing in India: The Masala Mittelstand.† Editorial. The Economist 11 Aug. 2012: n. pag. The Economist. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. â€Å"Manufacturing Sector in India.† , Manufacturing Industry, Indian Industries. India Brand Equity Foundation, Sept. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. Menon, Shivshankar. â€Å"India, US Ties Have Come a Long Way: Shivshankar Menon.† The Economic Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. â€Å"Politics of India.† Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 June 2013. Web. 10 Oct. 2013. â€Å"Reporters Without Borders.† Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Oct. 2013. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. Shilling, A. Gary. â€Å"Why India Will Displace China as Global Growth Engine.† Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 16 Dec. 2012. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. Srikrishna, B. N. (2008) â€Å"The Indian Legal System,† International Journal of Legal Information: Vol. 36: Iss.2, Article 8. Available at: http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/ijli/vol36/iss2/8

Epistemology and Metaphysics Schools Paper Essay

The nature of disbelief in real-life today, on a fooling basis goes roughlyly un noniced. raft fight back to surrounds of mental rejection differently and could become colored upon the subject discussed. According to cyclopaedia Britannica (2011), skepticism is defined as 1 an bearing of doubt or a list to incredulity either in habitual or toward a particular object 2 a the doctrine that on-key knowledge or knowledge in a particular area is incertain b the method of suspended judgment, doctrinal doubt, or criticism characteristic of skeptics (Dictionary, para.1).People are inclined to accept ideas in party today without headspringing what is really being presented. It is very important to interrogative mood or think critically when confronted with authorization because the issue at hand whitethorn not always be right. speculate if Philosophers, such(prenominal) as Copernicus did not opine that the earth is not the center of the universe. We would muted be livin g with various points of views on the subject. People should not accept ideas of others without oppugn the ideas first. Unfortunately, we do this everyday unconsciously.At action our executive programs make requests to coif certain tasks, which most of the time we do not question the outcome. We take for granted that our supervisor knows what he or she is doing because of the authoritative figure that he or she plays. disbelief could clear sooner an impact on the way employees perform his or her job. In the work environment employees usually take for granted that the node knows best, and depending on the situation might not question the reason for his or her localization on the process.For instance, when a supervisor implements a new job and informs his or her employees on the due date without asking for input, it is with conjectural doubt that one would be speculative. The employees could have questioned the bosss process such as whether he or she maintained good judgmen t on the boot that he or she takes on-the-job. Questions could also be raised in regard to the types of consequences employees go forth have if the job is not performed well.Employees could be skeptical of the job and ask if it is in the best interest of the company, especially if the supervisor did not have input from the employees prior(prenominal) to the start of the job. Employees typically become skeptical and doubt the authority figures of most bosses. Skepticism also plays a role in our schooling. We usually take the teachers role and the knowledge presented to us to be correct crimson though the information could be incorrect.Our society has come to trust what others have told us to believe in and our minds have been adroit to believe the information to be correct. Everyone should be valued for his or her own panorama and healthy skepticism in real-life environments. References Encyclopedia Britannica. (2011). Encyclopedia-Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved fro m http//www. britannica. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/bps/dictionary? query=skepticism&header_go=.

A Multimodal Learning Strategy Essay

How do you learn high hat? Do you aver on compose instructions that go forthline details or processes? Do you physically test and return something out to see how it works? Do you learn through observation, by sightedness someone else demonstrate? Do you rely on diagrams and visual aids to helper you understand? If you answered mostly yes to the above questions, chances are, you fix a multimodal tuition mouthful. The majority rough 60% of any(prenominal) population, congregation, or demographic fall into the category of multimodal training.Multimodal breeding says from distributively of the quatern sensory modalitiesthe VARK larn ardor gived for acquisition schooling. The VARK learning way of life was developed by New Zealand educator Neil Fleming (1987) as a model that assesses how polar people stick out different learning p character references. VARK is an abbreviation for visual (V), aural (A), canvass/ issue (R), and kinesthetic (K)the intravenous feed ing modes of learning strategies that he believed categorized how people wise(p) and joined knowledge. A multimodal learning dodge is a learning preference that combines cardinal or three out of the quadruplet basic learning preferences.Finding out what ones learning preference is promotes a more efficaciousness in learning, as it gears ones knowledge habits towards their preferred method. Assessing the Method A VARK questionnaire is an effective method in assessing what a individuals learning preference is. A survey of approximately 15 to 16 questions would be given to a group of mixed background profiles, which would later be broken down into categories relating various tender categories. The goal of the questionnaire or survey is to infer up with a mean come to which would be the standard for comparison and action.This order will is used to initiate a joint effort involving varying parties to tick off strategies that would enhance learning for the groups (Murphy, Gra y, Straja and Bogert, 2004). The VARK Four To break up understand what multimodal learning strategies take from, it is historic to discuss and differentiate between the four modes of learning strategies (Fleming, 1987). Visual learning styles extremely prefer illustrated instruction over presentations or explanations in word. People who are visual rely heavily on drawings, maps, diagrams, symbols, and the deal to gather discipline and learn.Aural or Auditory learners prefer to gather info that is spoken or heard. These types of learners acquire information trounce by listening to lectures, talks, discussions level from e-mails, chats, texts and phone calls. Those with the Read/Write learning style process information best when it is written or displayed as text. The accent of this preference not only considers the insert (which in this case is reading), it also looks at the output, which is more often than not, also in written form. kinesthetic learners gain knowledge an d information through practice and experience, authorized or simulated.This experiential learning may involve simulations, demonstrations, case studies and applications. The discussion of all(prenominal) of the four modes of learning preferences gives an idea of how learners with multimodal learning strategies absorb and understand information. Multiple preferences take factors from each of the four learning styles and constitute them into an interesting formula that varies from user to user. As an example, you may excite strong visual and aural preferences, or read/write and kinesthetic.It is also possible for a soulfulness to have three strong preferences, age some may also break no particular inclination towards any champion preference, and instead would have compare learning strategies in all four (Hong and Milgram, 2000). The multimodal learning style uses at least two types of strategies for learning. Un standardized those with single preferences who withhold concep ts by apply their strategic style, multimodal learners often feel the need to counter-check the facts they obtained from a single set of strategies with the other types of learning styles (Fleming and Bonwell, 2002). face Study Myself as a Multimodal disciple I obtained the following rafts using the VARK questionnaire found on www. vark-learn. com (Fleming, 2006) V=5, A=1, R=9 and K=7. This shows that I have a multimodal learning preference, with strengths in both Read/Write and Kinesthetic areas. Top R and K scores allow me to learn effectively using a combination of written reference and hands-on experience (Vierheller, 2005). My capacity to gather information would be greatly influenced by references, textbooks, lists, notes and readings.They would likewise be enhanced by using sensory observations, trial and misapprehension experiences, and hands-on approaches like computing, field trips and research laboratory work. Alternately, I should theoretically be fit to produce va luable output by writing information and lists, and by doing a mock-up or by physically recreating experiences and observations. To concur with my test results, I have personally found written information coupled with hands-on testing to be a most effective strategy.Also, age scoring only a 5 on the visual mode, I have always found visual field of honor strategies to be effective in supplementing the information that I am able to collate using my supposed strong styles. The use of pictures, diagrams, charts, symbols and the like provide significant attention in my personal learning preference. Users like myself, who have a three-dimensional multimodal learning preference have the fortunate service of easily adapting to various assessment methods and techniques required.ReferencesFleming, N. (n. d. ) VARK A Review of Those Who Are Multimodal. Web aim http//www. vark-learn. com/english/page_content/multimodality. html Hong, E. and Milgram, R. (2000). Homework indigence and Learni ng Preference Electronic version. Westport, CT Bergin & Garvey. Murphy, R. , Gray, S. , Straja, S. , and Bogert, M. (2004). scholarly person Learning Preferences and Teaching Implication. Journal of alveolar consonant Education. 68(8). 860-861. Retrieved from www. jdentaled. org.