History of American Medicine Essay - 1282 Words

History of American Medicine Final Paper PART I(a) With the creation of Medicare in 1966 in order to expand access for the elderly to the American healthcare system, the ways in which medicine and its corresponding industries were conducted were irrevocably changed. Prior to its inception, only 65% of people over 65 actually had proper health insurance, as the elderly paid three times as much for healthcare as young people (Stevens, 1998). The private medical sector had much more control over who they would treat, how much they would charge, and more; the passing of Medicare freed up the elderly to have reasonable access to healthcare as a consequence of a lifetime of paying into the system. The way Medicare was originally organized,†¦show more content†¦With Medicare, however, more people qualified for insurance, making them more willing to go in for preventative care (and thus preventing the need for expensive procedures later by detecting and solving problems early). Furthermore, the presence of Medicare made re cipients of Medicare 100% able to pay for their healthcare, since their coverage was provided by the federal government; this avoided problematic avoidances in payment, thus lowering the risk pool and keeping costs down. Physicians are also allowed to collect their fees right from carriers, limiting patient liability, though it is much more profitable and advantageous to them for patients to pay their physicians directly and simply get a refund from Medicare later. Medicare’s eventual organization, however, soon allowed for third parties to enter the health care market, and ensure that corporations had a larger stake in the health care system. Because of the federal government’s relative inexperience, people and medical practices would simply choose to use private fiscal agents such as the Blue Cross Association to ensure they had experienced figures. Because of this demand, legislation was changed to accommodate the Blue Cross into the overall federal infrastructure of Medicare. The entrance of third parties into the health care system, including voluntary health insurance organizations, helped to make Medicare seem less scary or rigidShow MoreRelatedHow Medicine Changed American History1296 Words   |  6 PagesHow Medicine Changed American History Most American citizens would agree that modern medicine has drastically changed American Society. The progression of medicine has impacted American lives in multiple ways. It has changed how the United States military uses medicine, how American scientists research medicine, and how everyday American citizens use medicine. Just 100 years ago, the people of the time period would not have been able to comprehend the medical advances that today’s society experiencesRead MoreThree Things that Changed American History: Medicine, Religion and War1085 Words   |  5 PagesNew Worlds for All Essay Disease and Medicine along with war and religion were three ways American history has changed. When the colonists came over from Europe they unknowingly changed the world forever in ways they couldnt have imagined. These effects were present to both Native Americans and Europeans. Some of these changes made life easier for both Native Americans and Europeans but some made relations worse too. And some effects wouldnt show up until it was too late. One of these significantRead MoreMedicinal Practices from the American Revolution to the War of 18121308 Words   |  5 PagesMedicinal Practices; American Revolution to the War of 1812 For centuries, war has consumed millions of souls. It has caused heartache and has torn families apart. Today, properly educated doctors and nurses can treat wounds and injuries with proper care, but this taken for granted assistance wasn’t always readily available. In the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, nearly 30,000 American soldiers died. However, rather than being killed on the battlefield, the majority of soldiers died whileRead MoreThe Issue Of Medical Marijuana Programs Essay875 Words   |  4 Pagessurround this form of alternative medicine. 1. The controversial aspects of acceptance by the mainstream medical community in regards to the application or utilization of this form of treatment. 2. Legal implications based on Federal Law, and laws that originate at the State level. Federal law is specific in regards to marijuana in general. However, specific criteria for medical marijuana programs widely vary from state-to-state, with no form of standardization. Medicine in its purest definition canRead MoreThe Constitution And The Articles Of Confederation953 Words   |  4 PagesThe first video â€Å"The Constitution Project† – creating a constitution of the founding fathers creating and signing the constitution. This is a large piece of history which because of them, the constitution and the articles of confederation are what make makes America what it is today, unified. The major learning theme of this video is to understanding what and how these states came together, taxation, laws, and the people behind it. George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison to name aRead More Medicine In America Essay1123 Words   |  5 PagesCassedy’s Medicine in America, A Short History takes a comprehensive look at medical progress in America from its colonial days to the present time. The book takes on five different themes in discussing medicine. First, it discusses the medical establishment, and how it develops over tim e. Second, it looks at the alternative to established medicine. Alternatives consist of any kind of medical practice outside the orthodox practice of the time. Third, Cassedy explores the science of medicine, takingRead MoreThe Spirit catches You1100 Words   |  5 Pagesperspectives as possible to accurately portray the Hmong culture and medical culture. 3. Over the centuries, the Hmong fought against many different peoples who claimed sovereignty over their lands. What role has this tumultuous history played in the formation of Hmong culture? The history of the Hmong people is one of the more predominant factors in the formation of the Hmong culture. Through all the fighting and migrating that the Hmong had to go through as a group resulted in a culture, in which everyoneRead MoreDr. Hale Williams Accomplishments901 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most prominent doctors in history, Dr. Dan Hale Williams, many expressed their thoughts and sorrow through a series of eulogies that were published in 1931 by the Chicago Defender. The publication was meant to recognize Dr. William’s accomplishments, to inform the African American society that had lost one of its most valued members, and also to inspire young African Americans to take down the barriers of discrimination. During the time period, African Americans faced a great deal of inequalityRead MoreLksjfklfj1460 Words   |  6 Pagesmedical conditions. It is incredible how the medicine today differs from the ones back then, including the way it was advertised and the pro cess of it being made. In the nineteenth century, pharmaceutical companies used marketing tools through advertisements directly from the consumer to producer, usually through newspaper ads. Originating in England, patented medicines made their way across to America in the 18th century. A lot of the times these medicines contained morphine, opium, or cocaine andRead MoreEssay on naturopathy history657 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿History Naturopathy dates back to the school of natural medicine in Ancient Greece (400 BC), but the modern form of naturopathy arose in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Dr. Benedict Lust was the first to introduce naturopathic medicine to the United States and is considered the founder of naturopathy. As a former student of Father Kneipp’s, Lust was very exposed to hydrotherapy and decided to bring his experience and practices of water therapy to the United States in 1892. Following his

The World Health Organization Describes Mental Disorder

The World Health Organization describes mental disorder as â€Å"a combination of abnormal thoughts, perceptions, emotions, behaviour, and relationships with others† (Mental Disorder). Some mental disorders include depression, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, dementia, anxiety disorder, etc. Mental Illness is very important today as about â€Å"1 in 5 adults in the U.S.–43.8 million, or 18.5%–experience mental illness in a given year† and about â€Å"1 in 12 adults in the U.S.–10 million, or 4.2%–experiences a serious mental illness in a given year that substantially interferes with or limits one or more major life activities† (NAMI). It is essential that people are able to treat their illness. A 2010 studies showed that about 3.9 million U.S. adults have severe mental illness that are left untreated. Out of the 2.6 million people who have schizophrenia, 51% of them are untreated. Untreated, people are shown to be an imminen t danger to themselves and to others (Fast Facts). Self-harm is the act of hurting yourself on purpose. People harm themselves as a way to cope with their emotions. It is associated with depression, eating disorders, anxiety, personality disorder, or posttraumatic distress disorder–also known as PTSD. â€Å"Injuring yourself stimulates the body’s endorphins or pain-killing hormones, thus raising their mood†¦[someone] might cause himself pain in order to feel something ‘real’ to replace emotional numbness† or is an act of releasing their emotions when they are usedShow MoreRelatedCommunity s Non Profit Mental Health Organizations1678 Words   |  7 Pagesyoung, I saw mental conditions as an excuse people used to justify their poor behaviour. In other words, I did not take them seriously because of how I was raised. Since then, much has changed. I now realize that mental illness is an issue that has to be dealt with in order to help our society grow as a whole. 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Intervention may also include unintended or intended health outcomes of governmentRead MoreMental Health : A Global Crisis1599 Words   |  7 PagesMental Health: A Global Crisis Mental Health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as â€Å"a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community (WHO, 2014).† Any deviation from that definition constitutes a mental health issue. 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Examples would be schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, chronic anxiety disorder or attention deficit hyperactive disorder as well as many otherRead MoreEvaluation Of A Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1147 Words   |  5 PagesAffecting around 350 million people around the world (WHO, 2015) and one in five adults in Australia (Reavley et al. 2011), depression is a mental health disorder that presents a high social and economic impact. The World Health Organisation has predicted that depression will be the disorder with the resulting highest level of disability in the world by 2030, making it one of the health topics in their agenda (WHO, 2015). Here in Australia, this disorder costs the economy approximately 12.6 billionRead MoreThe Death Of A Mad House By Elizabeth Cochran1292 Words   |  6 PagesCochran assumed the alias Nellie Bly and feigned a mental illness to report on the truly awful conditions inside psychiatric hospitals in the US--which were known as asylums at the time. She found rotten food, cold showers, prevalent rats, abusive nurses, and patients being tied down in her famous expose Ten Days in a Mad House. What she documented had been pretty standard mental health treatment for centuries, but her work led the charge in mental health reform. It s been a long battle. Nearly

Sleep Deprivation Essay - 1183 Words

Sleep is a necessity that people require to live a healthy lifestyle, and to partake in daily activities. Sleep is something that improves concentration, physical health, and provides energy. Steve Jobs once said, â€Å"For you to sleep well at night, the aesthetic, the quality, has to be carried all the way through.† Steve Jobs is proclaiming that to receive the full benefits of sleep, people must sleep the recommended hours. College students continue to undergo a lack of sleep as they persist through their time-consuming days. This lack of sleep leads to sleep deprivation and the harmful effects it persists of. Sleep deprivation has been found to be common among college students, as students now are sleeping less and less. Students are being†¦show more content†¦Studies have shown â€Å"during sleep, your brain is taking your memories, reactivating and looking at them again, and storing them in a more efficient and effective form† (Stickgold 3). Since many st udents are not receiving the proper sleep and hours, the recollection of these memories is not being stored effectively. Because of this loss of recollection, students with sleep deprivation are struggling more academically than students who do not suffer from sleep deprivation. Many students are affected by sleep deprivation as people persist through their tightly packed schedules. There is a common misconception regarding what sleep deprivation is. Sleep deprivation is the condition of not having enough sleep. Many students do not sleep the recommended number of hours they should be receiving. According to Harvard University’s Division of Sleep Medicine, â€Å"only 11 percent of American college students sleep well, and 40 percent of students feel well rested only two days per week† (Harvard Division of Sleep Medicine). This study shows how the majority of American college students are essentially sleep deprived, and are being affected by the negative effects of sleep deprivation. Not only does sleep deprivation hinder the ability to learn, it makes learning harder as the day progress due to long hours without sleep. When the student stays up longer, the effects start to be critical, and hinders the tasks at hand. The Penn State School ofShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation Essay3848 Words   |  16 PagesAbstract Sleep is one of our basic needs to survive, however in the modern days sleep deprivation in increasing more and more each day, causing accidents and medical problems for the people and the community. This essay will look at the meaning of sleep and sleep deprivation and the basic perspectives on what motivates sleep and sleep deprivation with the five perspectives; evolutionary, psychodynamic, behaviourist, cognitive and the hierarchy of needs. This essay will also evaluate the best perspectiveRead MoreSleep Deprivation Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesOutline Sleeping Deprivation General Purpose: To inform. Specific purpose: Sleep is a precious gift that allows people to rest. Not getting enough rest on a constant basis can lead to greater problems, even death Organizational Pattern: Introduction I. Blame It On the Light Bulb.  Ã‚  College students and individuals around the world are suffering from a health problem that can be more detrimental to their health than some forms of cancer.  Ã‚  What is it?  Ã‚  Sleep Deprivation II. People areRead MoreSleep Deprivation Essay684 Words   |  3 PagesSleep Deprivation It’s seven thirty in the morning, the time that most American high schools begin class. Instead of being chipper and ready to learn, most teenagers, at this time of the morning, can barely remain awake. These puffy eyed pupils are by no means ready to learn. Sixty percent children under 18 reported being sleepy during the day, with another fifteen percent reporting that they had fallen asleep during the school day within the past year (National Sleep Foundation, Dozing)Read More Sleep Deprivation Essay874 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sleep deprivation has become a major problem with Americans. Over 100 million Americans today suffer from lack of sleep. This has been an ongoing problem throughout the centuries. People owe their bodies sleep and scientist are calling it a â€Å"Sleep debt†. An average American owes their body at least thirty hours of sleep. This lack of sleep is as hazardous as drunk driving. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One man caught sleep deprivation at it’s best. He pushed himselfRead MoreSleep deprivation Essay1760 Words   |  8 PagesSleep deprivation seems to be an increasing problem with people of all different age groups. It is related to many different health concerns. Nearly fifty percent of adults fail to get enough sleep. According to the national sleep foundation, teenagers need at least 9 hours of sleep a night, but 80% get a lot less than that. Due to the lack of sleep at least 28% of high schoolers fall asleep in class, 22% fall asleep while doing their homework and 14% arrive late or miss school entirely because theyRead MoreSleep Debt and Sleep Deprivation Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesWho Needs Sleep? People will die from from sleep deprivation before people die from food deprivation. It takes 2 weeks to starve, but only 10 days without sleep can kill people. Without sleep many of the people worldwide their daily functions will be taken away, such as remembering, retaining information and lastly you will be more prone to problem skin like acne. More than 78% of college and high school students pull all nighters at some point in their life in school. When pullin all nightersRead MoreCause And Effect Essay Sleep Deprivation1134 Words   |  5 Pages03/17/2016 Essay 4 Cause and Effect Essay Sleep Deprivation Cause and effect Essay Sleep deprivation Most people have at least stayed awake for the entire night once during their lifetime. This behavior is common amongst individuals enrolled in High School or pursuing University degree. One might wonder how lack of sleep for the night impact him/her. However, it has being proven that being awake for 24 hours has unpleasant effects on health.So why is sleep so important? How does lack of sleep impactRead MorePersuasive Essay On Sleep Deprivation1735 Words   |  7 Pagesmuch to realize that a great number of them lack sleep. Sleep deprivation has been and is currently a growing â€Å"epidemic† that is affecting human beings of all sizes and ages. It’s crucial, yet it has been thrown aside and we’ve completely disregarded its evident consequences that are taking its toll on our bodies. Sleep, an uncomplicated action that requires minimum effort, is vital to human life; though most people takes its importance lightly, sleep has an abundant amount of benefits: stro nger immuneRead MorePersuasive Essay On Sleep Deprivation1610 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Sleep is as essential to the human body as food and water, but sometimes sleep quality and quantity is inadequate and this is known as sleep deprivation (SD). Sleep deprived people are sleepy and fatigued making them prone to accidents, impairing their judgement and they are more likely to make mistakes and bad decisions. Not sleeping for 24 hours reduces hand-to-eye coordination, which can be compared to having a blood alcohol content of 0.1 and contributes to road accidents and workRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Sleep Deprivation768 Words   |  4 Pages Less Homework Endless hours. Sleep deprivation. Deadlines, cutoff dates and time limits. Welcome to the life of every student who has ever lived. When a class is about to end and the teacher announces the homework requirements, everybody wants to flee. â€Å"When school’s out, it should be OUT.† Homework has historically been given to students to reinforce what they learn at school and ultimately help them learn the material better. However, too much homework is not helpful, and can be counterproductive

Critical Analysis of an Article

Question: Discuss about the Critical Analysis of an Article. Answer: Introduction: The relevant thesis statement for this article would be: Reasons for the low productivity of New Zealands industries is the developing management capabilities for enhancing the performance of industries, so that the economy of New Zealand growth. The strengths of this article include an elaborate listing of issued considered as critical by the Chief Executives for different sectors (Public, Private, Not-for-Profit) and industries operating in New Zealand, identification of reasons for the poor growth of industries, listing of reasons for the brain-drain in New Zealand and identification of different categories of managerial capabilities required by managers of New Zealand (Hutchison and Boxall, 2014). Three categories have been identified for enhancing management of organizations: managing situations related to uncertainty renewal of business model, handling business partners stakeholders and handling human resources the limited internal resources possessed by the organization. The weaknesses of the article include a response from a limited number of respondents, selecting only one respondent from an organization and the entire data provided in this article is descriptive. The article does not explore the extent of managerial capabilities possessed by the managers of New Zealand that have been identified in this article and how they can use those capabilities to their advantage in challenging scenarios. Rather, it only provides the managerial capabilities required in New Zealand. Challenges faced for the implication of the new management skills In my viewpoint, it is easier to enlist the managerial calibre and talent that is required to improve the performance of different industries, but it is very difficult to measure and represent the managerial capabilities possessed by different levels of managers in quantitative form. It is very important to make a list of most challenging situations and key risks encountered by different industries in order to address or tackle them in a better way. Likert scale is an effective tool for rating the intensity of different challenges and risks. Yes, I do agree with the thesis statement because management plays the most important role in streamlining the performance of an organization operating within a particular industry and improving its efficiency/ productivity. There are different levels of management that take decisions for the smooth functioning of an organization. For example, strategic decision making related to issues that have long-term implications for the organizational structure, broadening the product/ service categories, supply chain, targeting new market segments etc. is done by the upper management. Tactical decision making related to issues like short-term sales targets, staff management, marketing techniques etc. is done by the middle level management. Operational decision making regarding the day-to-day activities taking place in an organization is done by the front-liners or the low-level managers. Entrepreneurship can be defined as the ability of the management to run a business with the available resources and making business decisions on the basis of present market scenario and future uncertainties. A good management runs a business while accepting all the challenges, anticipates risks and learns from the mistakes make by the organization itself and other organizations in the same/ different industry. Innovation is the key to succeeding in todays competitive environment. It is about efficient utilization of the available resources and making appropriate decisions that help an organization to earn maximum profits. The organization needs to exploit all the available opportunities that lead to success. For every organization selling products or services or both, it is very important to have knowledge about the market (trending techniques/ technologies, market size, the scope of profitability/ growth, pricing trends etc.) and the customer base. These days it is very important to create an excellent customer experience (Mastrini, 2008). Every organization should do a PEST analysis to understand all the external factors that impact the organizations decision making. This analysis takes into account the Political (political stability, level of democracy, the attitude of government towards trade, laws related to wages, consumer laws, trade regulations, laws related to taxes etc.), Economic (employment level, purchasing power, income distribution, inflation rate etc.), Socio-Cultural (demographic factors, standard of living, lifestyle, traditional values, beliefs etc.) and Technological factors (investment in R D, introduction of new operational techniques, acceptance of new technologies etc.). Every organization is accountable to its shareholders and primary/ secondary stakeholders. Stakeholders include everyone who is associated with the organization in a direct or indirect way. Primary stakeholders include existing customers, employees of the organization, suppliers of raw materials/ machinery, financial investors etc. The organization's decisions and operations have a direct impact on these stakeholders. Secondary stakeholders include media groups, governmental/ non-governmental agencies, pressure groups, general society etc (Matheson and Oxley, 2007). An organization needs to create value for its stakeholders as well as shareholders and win their trust for the maintenance of brand image and sustenance of market share. In todays market where there is so much competition among the brands, it is important for an organization to make strategic decisions in order to gain an edge over their rivals. An organization can create a leadership in the market by means of pricing techniques or by using differentiating factors like quality, customer service and innovation that serve as the USP of the organization. This helps in creating a unique perceived value for the customer base. Competitive advantage can be attained by utilizing the key strengths possessed by the organization like availability of resources (land, capital, labour, infrastructure, raw materials etc.) and core competencies possessed by the organization- supply chain management, inventory management, manpower management, superior technology and strong organizational structure. Gaining a competitive advantage guarantees a better quality of products/ services, improved overall efficiency, and greater revenue generation (Morison and McMullan, 2013) . It is critical to analyse the existing competitors within a particular industry on the basis of their strengths and weaknesses. This helps to envision the future risks, challenges, and opportunities. Analysis of existing competitors can be done with the help of information related to their capital investments, adopted marketing techniques, website, product/ service portfolio, CSR initiatives, investment in R D etc. This analysis can serve as a base for the formulation of organizational strategies along with their implementation and evaluation (Matheson and Oxley, 2007). It is equally important to keep a check on the development of potential competitors in the given industry. It is the management of the organization that decides how the different departments of the organization should interact. The management is responsible for planning, organizing/ implementing, monitoring and controlling in order to achieve the organizations objectives. It is the responsibility of the management to analyse the market trends, availability of internal resources, external factors affecting the business of the organization, level of competition within the industry in which the organization operates, the level of support from the stakeholders etc. and then formulate strategies. In an organization, it is important to design strategies related to sales target, operations, supply chain management, financial investments, marketing promotions, human resources and technology up gradation (Mastrini, 2008). The management is responsible for the assessment of opportunities and threats that may arise in future. Strategies need to be formulated in such a way that the organization gets a competitive advantage while keeping in consideration the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Thus the vision of the management and their strategies can make an organization productive, successful and profitable. Every organization follows a business model that encompasses its target market segments, a list of products/ services offered by the organization, production techniques, distribution networking techniques, the industry it operates in, methods of revenue generations and initiatives were taken to improve customer experience. Regular changes are made in these elements to keep pace with the dynamic market. Organizations that are known for their success story like Google, Blackrock, Starbucks, BMW, Coca-Cola, Amazon, FedEx, Vodafone, IKEA, E-Bay, Samsung, Apple, Nike etc. have continued to rule the markets due to their innovation and restructuring of their business model (Mastrini, 2008). Zara, Revlon, and LOreal have established themselves as innovative brands because of their innovative and fast-changing product portfolio. They keep on introducing new products while keeping the customer preferences into consideration. DELL makes use of JIT (Just in Time) strategy to reduce inventory co sts. Several companies like BlackBerry, Atari, and Blockbuster Video Kodak etc. failed to adapt to the changing market demands and explore the available opportunities. Innovation and restructuring of the business model take place at different levels: Resilience- Minor changes take place at the organizational level so that the organization does not go out of the business. Changes are made in terms of procedures, processes, and culture in order to survive the changes happening at the industrial level. Renewal- Changes are introduced in the functioning of an organization with the motive of gaining a competitive advantage. Major changes are made in the existing business model (Morison and McMullan, 2013). Revolution- An organization makes use of available human resources, R D resources, financial resources and market knowledge to implement innovative ideas that lead to a shift in the fundamental operations and functions of the entire industry. This impacts the entire industry and helps an organization to become the market leader. Conclusion: While concluding the analysis of this article, we can say that the management plays a crucial role in determining the productivity and performance of the organization irrespective of the uncertainties, risks, and challenging market scenarios. Management is the defining factor for any organization. With the help of innovation, proper utilization of available human resources, market knowledge, proper utilization of resources and streamlined organizational operations, and the management of an organization can create a success story irrespective of its size. The management should make use of marketing tools to promote the interests of the organizations, gain support/ trust of stakeholders and to achieve the strategic goals (Ofili, 2014). Human Resource is the most important asset for an organization. Regardless of the size of the organization and the industry in which it operates, human resources can help in achieving competitive advantage. The HR department has a very important role to play in an organization. Their role includes the hiring of new employees, training them as per their role in the organization, enforcing company policies/ procedures, monitoring their performance, providing compensation as per their performance, motivating the employees, helping the employees in job satisfaction, retention of employees, ensuring workplace security, handling conflicts etc. There should be no shortage of manpower or surplus manpower. The strategies formulated by the HR department should be aligned with the mission, vision, values and culture of the organization. The HR department is responsible for enhancing the efficiency and productivity of employees, which in turn would lead to greater ROI (Return on Investment) and profits (Ofili, 2014). References Hutchison, A. and Boxall, P. (2014). The critical challenges facing New Zealand's chief executives: implications for management skills.Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 52(1), pp.23-41. Mastrini, G. (2008). Developing Countries and the Challenges Facing Commercial Culture.Television New Media, 10(1), pp.96-99. Matheson, T. and Oxley, L. (2007). Convergence in Productivity Across Industries: Some Results for New Zealand and Australia.International Review of Applied Economics, 21(1), pp.55-73. Morison, S. and McMullan, C. (2013). Preparing for the future: challenges and opportunities for management and leadership skills.BDJ, 214(1), pp.E2-E2. Ofili, O. (2014). Challenges Facing Entrepreneurship in Nigeria.IJBM, 9(12).